References
@Comment{refnotes, namespace = "biblio" } @article{rachuri_information_2008, title = {Information sharing and exchange in the context of product lifecycle management: {Role} of standards}, abstract = {This paper introduces a model of the information flows in Product Life cycle Management (PLM), serving as the basis for understanding the role of standards in PLM support systems. Support of PLM requires a set of complementary and interoperable standards that cover the full range of aspects of the products’ life cycle. The paper identifies a typology of standards relevant to PLM support that addresses the hierarchy of existing and evolving standards and their usage and identifies a suite of standards supporting the exchange of product, process, operations and supply chain information. A case study illustrating the use of PLM standards in a large organization is presented. The potential role of harmonization among PLM support standards is described and a proposal is made for using open standards and open source models for this important activity.}, language = {en}, author = {Rachuri, Sudarsan and Subrahmanian, Eswaran and Bouras, Abdelaziz and Fenves, Steven J and Foufou, Sebti and Sriram, Ram D}, year = {2008}, file = {Rachuri et al. - 2008 - Information sharing and exchange in the context of.pdf:C\:\\Users\\oca\\OneDrive - DNV\\Literature Research\\Mendeley\\Watch Folder\\Rachuri et al. - 2008 - Information sharing and exchange in the context of.pdf:application/pdf}, } @inproceedings{Astrup2019, address = {Rotterdam}, title = {Model-based approval - {The} open class {3D} exchange ({OCX}) standard}, volume = {3}, copyright = {All rights reserved}, isbn = {978-1-909024-96-0}, abstract = {Shipyards and classification societies must modify the traditional design documentation and review process and enable a direct 3D digital classification process to improve the exchange of information between the different stakeholders and ultimately accelerate the classification process. The Open Class 3D Exchange (OCX) standard represents a step change in this context. The OCX is a vessel-specific standard addressing the information needs by the classification society and is a key enabler to replace traditional 2D class drawings with a 3D model. The successful and seamless exchange of the design models exported from 4 independent 3D CAD systems to the classification society’s rule calculation tool has been demonstrated. The application of the OCX models for the prescriptive rule calculations demonstrates that the OCX model can carry all the information required by the society’s Rules for this purpose. The possibility to also display the detailed features of the design model provides the necessary capability for full visual verification of the design models.}, booktitle = {International {Conference} on {Computer} {Applications} in {Shipbuilding}}, publisher = {The Royal Institution of Naval Architects}, author = {Astrup, OC}, year = {2019}, pages = {55--67}, annote = {Verified}, file = {Astrup - 2019 - Model-based approval - The open class 3D exchange .pdf:C\:\\Users\\oca\\Zotero\\storage\\I4X48SBB\\Astrup - 2019 - Model-based approval - The open class 3D exchange .pdf:application/pdf}, } @inproceedings{Garland2019, title = {Model based definition: {Finally}, the engineering drawing killer?}, isbn = {978-1-912254-05-7}, doi = {10.35199/epde2019.69}, abstract = {Engineering drawing has stood as the universal method of translating design intent since the first standard was formalised in 1927 as BS308. Further development of national and international standards has been informed by advances in CADCAM technology and the need for transfer of complex yet unambiguous definition between organisations. The emergence of model-based definition (MBD) has driven a new workflow where engineering drawing is no longer required. Instead, the dataset includes semantic, machine readable, tolerancing of surfaces and features for integration into manufacturing and metrology procedures. Despite the advantages of MBD, it has been largely ignored in UK higher education. However, MBD is the ideal method for teaching and learning geometrical tolerancing since it ignores the theoretically exact dimensions and housekeeping, concentrating on the functional limits. Further, it utilises the 3D workspace that students are increasingly familiar with.}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 21st {International} {Conference} on {Engineering} and {Product} {Design} {Education}: {Towards} a {New} {Innovation} {Landscape}, {E} and {PDE} 2019}, publisher = {Institution of Engineering Designers, The Design Society}, author = {Garland, Nigel and Wade, Russell and Glithro, Richard and Palmer-Smith, Sarah}, year = {2019}, keywords = {Engineering drawing, Model based definition, Technical product specification}, } @book{AIA2013, address = {Arlington}, title = {Aerospace {Industry} {Guidelines} for {Implementing} {Interoperability} {Standards} for {Engineering} {Data}}, abstract = {The variety of engineering tools used to support design, procurement, manufacturing, and support of aerospace products has never been greater. From company to company, tools and processes range from manual capture in 2D drawings to sophisticated 3D models that are tightly integrated with other enterprise systems. The challenge is further compounded by the growing need to provide engineering information for support extending beyond the life span of individual applications.}, publisher = {Aerospace Industries Association}, author = {{AIA}}, year = {2013}, note = {Issue: Version 1.1, 2013}, annote = {Verified}, file = {2013 - AIA - Aerospace Industry Guidelines for Implementing Interoperability Standards for Engineering Data.pdf:C\:\\Users\\oca\\Zotero\\storage\\99BLP4UM\\2013 - AIA - Aerospace Industry Guidelines for Implementing Interoperability Standards for Engineering Data.pdf:application/pdf}, } @book{iso-ap216_iso_2003, title = {{ISO} 10303— {Part} 216: {Application} protocol: {Ship} moulded forms}, abstract = {ISO 10303-216:2003 specifies the scope and information requirements for the exchange of ship moulded form definitions, geometric representations, and related hydrostatic properties.}, publisher = {International Organization for Standardization}, author = {{ISO-AP216}}, year = {2003}, } @book{iso-ap218_iso_2004, title = {{ISO} 10303— {Part} 218: {Application} protocol: {Ship} structures}, abstract = {ISO 10303-218:2004 specifies the use of the integrated resources necessary for the scope and information requirements for the exchange of product definition data and its configuration and approval status information for ship structural systems. Configuration in this context pertains to data specific to revision tracking and change history of selected ship structural entities within the product model.}, publisher = {International Organization for Standardization}, author = {{ISO-AP218}}, year = {2004}, } @book{iso-ap215_iso_2004, title = {{ISO} 10303— {Part} 215: {Application} protocol: {Ship} arrangement}, abstract = {ISO 10303-215:2004 specifies the scope and information requirements for the exchange of ship arrangement definitions, geometric representations of compartments and zones, compartment properties, cargoes, cargo assignments, loading conditions, and damage stability information.}, publisher = {International Organization for Standardization}, author = {{ISO-AP215}}, year = {2004}, } @misc{mbe_model-based_2021, title = {Model-based definition}, url = {https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model-based_definition}, abstract = {MBE, 2016. Model Based Enterprise Overview. URL (accessed 11.16.2016).}, urldate = {2022-01-15}, journal = {Wikipedia}, author = {{MBE}}, year = {2021}, } @techreport{astrup_ocx-open_2019, address = {Oslo, Norway}, title = {{OCX}-{Open} {Class} {3D} {Exchange}. {A} digital specification of the hull structure for the {Classification} of {Ships}}, copyright = {All rights reserved}, abstract = {A digital specification of the hull structure for the classification of ships}, institution = {DNV}, author = {Astrup, O.C.}, year = {2019}, pages = {1--284}, file = {Astrup - 2019 - OCX-Open Class 3D Exchange. A digital specificatio.pdf:C\:\\Users\\oca\\Zotero\\storage\\9UZGQU7E\\Astrup - 2019 - OCX-Open Class 3D Exchange. A digital specificatio.pdf:application/pdf}, } @article{celebi_improving_2010, title = {Improving {Interoperability} by {Incorporating} {UnitsML} {Into} {Markup} {Languages}}, volume = {115}, journal = {Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology}, author = {Celebi, Ismet and Dragoset, Robert and Olsen, Karen and Schaefer, Reinhold and Kramer, Gary}, year = {2010}, pages = {15--22}, } @misc{w3c_xml_2022, title = {{XML} {Technology} - {W3C}}, url = {https://www.w3.org/standards/xml/}, abstract = {XML Technology}, urldate = {2022-01-18}, author = {{W3C}}, year = {2022}, } @book{asme_asme_2019, address = {New York}, title = {{ASME} {Y14}.41 {Digital} {Product} {Definition} {Data} {Practices}}, url = {https://www.asme.org/codes-standards/find-codes-standards/y14-41-digital-product-definition-data-practices}, abstract = {This Standard establishes requirements and reference documents applicable to the preparation and revision of digital product definition data, hereafter referred to as data sets. This Standard defines exceptions and additional requirements to existing ASME standards for using product definition digital data sets or drawings in digital format. Where no exception or additional requirements are stated, existing ASME standards shall apply.}, publisher = {The American Society of Mechanical Engineers}, author = {{ASME}}, year = {2019}, } @book{iso_iso_2021, address = {Geneva}, title = {{ISO} 16792:2015 {Technical} product documentation}, url = {www.iso.org}, abstract = {ISO 16792:2015 specifies requirements for the preparation, revision, and presentation of digital product definition data, hereafter referred to as data sets. It supports two methods of application: model-only and model and drawing in digital format. Its structure presents requirements common to both methods followed by clauses providing for any essential, differing requirements for each method. Additionally, its use in conjunction with computer-aided design (CAD) systems could assist in the progression towards improved modelling and annotation practices for CAD and engineering disciplines, as well as serving as a guideline for IT engineers. The aspects specified in this International Standard refer mainly, but not exclusively, to requirements that differ or are additional to those provided in existing, related standards. Where no such requirements are identified, it is safe to assume that the appropriate existing ISO standards are instead applicable.}, publisher = {International Organization for Standardization}, author = {{ISO}}, editor = {{ISO}}, year = {2021}, } @misc{halfhide_approved_2019, title = {{APPROVED} redraws requirements for class verification}, url = {https://www.rina.org.uk/APPROVED_redraws_requirements_for_class_verification.html}, urldate = {2022-01-16}, journal = {The Naval Architect, RINA}, author = {Halfhide, Richard}, year = {2019}, note = {Place: London}, } @inproceedings{polini_neutral_2011, address = {Trieste}, title = {A {Neutral} {XML} {Schema} for {Basic} {Design} {Stage} {Interface} to {Class} {Societies}}, volume = {2}, isbn = {978-1-905040-87-2}, url = {http://www.rina.org.uk/showproducts.html?product=6590}, doi = {10.3940/rina.iccas.2011.32}, abstract = {The use of 3D models is now commonplace among engineering design firms and shipyards. Technology advances have made the richness of these models more than adequate for the purposes of developing cost and schedule data early in the design cycle and tendering an offer to an owner/operator with a known level of risk. The typical next step of the process is gaining confidence that the design will meet the safety and strength standards of the classing regulatory agency, most of whom now rely on first-principles-based analyses. While the traditional means of conveying the design between these cooperating organizations is paper or digital drawings, the review and approval process can be significantly expedited if mechanisms exist to share the design model with the regulatory agency. Since the two organizations rarely use the same underlying modeling systems, some form of data exchange must take place. Various approaches have been used in the past from industry standards to direct translators. The author has been involved with the development of modeling systems and tools that cover the spectrum of the ship design lifecycle, including hullform development and analysis, 3D, multi-discipline, concurrent basic design, detailed design, planning, and production design. These systems can support the development of a single model that can be used throughout the entire process through a gradual refinement of detail as the design progresses from the early to the late stages of the lifecycle. A neutral XML-based schema has been developed and utilized for the exchange of the early design information between these systems and tools developed by some regulatory agencies. This paper will present the schema and discuss ways to extend and/or enhance it to meet the needs of a broader audience in efforts to develop a de facto industry standard exchange mechanism. ©2011: The Royal Institution of Naval Architects.}, booktitle = {{ICCAS} 2011: {International} {Conference} on {Computer} {Applications} in {Shipbuilding}}, publisher = {RINA}, author = {Polini, Michael A.}, month = sep, year = {2011}, pages = {93--104}, file = {Intergraph Corporation, USA and Polini - 2011 - A Neutral XML Schema for Basic Design Stage Interf.pdf:C\:\\Users\\oca\\Zotero\\storage\\WCSJT2W5\\Intergraph Corporation, USA and Polini - 2011 - A Neutral XML Schema for Basic Design Stage Interf.pdf:application/pdf}, } @incollection{dnv_rules_2021, title = {{RULES} {FOR} {CLASSIFICATION} {Ships} {Part} 3}, booktitle = {Rules {For} {Classification} {Ships}}, publisher = {DNV}, author = {{DNV}}, year = {2021}, note = {Issue: July}, pages = {1--29}, file = {PDF:C\:\\Users\\oca\\Zotero\\storage\\H52B5B49\\2021 - DNV - RULES FOR CLASSIFICATION Ships Part 3.pdf:application/pdf}, } @inproceedings{Astrup2017, address = {Singapore}, title = {A model based approval process for basic hull design}, volume = {3}, copyright = {All rights reserved}, isbn = {978-1-909024-67-0}, abstract = {This paper explores both the barriers to overcome and the requirements needed to establish a fully digital workflow providing a seamless and transparent digital model exchange between stakeholders during the ship newbuilding basic design stage. A 3D digital model established early in the design stage and shared among stakeholders will eliminate the need for producing 2D drawings for the verification of the design by Class. The digital 3D model is the basis for verifying the design against Class Rules and functional goals. A design centric work process involving the various stakeholders is the result of linking the Class rules directly to the Computer Aided Design (CAD) early design tools used by the designer.}, booktitle = {International {Conference} on {Computer} {Applications} in {Shipbuilding}, {ICCAS} 2017}, publisher = {RINA, Royal Institution of Naval Architects}, author = {Astrup, OC and Cabos, C.}, year = {2017}, note = {Issue: September}, pages = {107--116}, file = {PDF:C\:\\Users\\oca\\Zotero\\storage\\E6T935WS\\2017 - Astrup, Cabos - A model based approval process for basic hull design.pdf:application/pdf}, } @techreport{astrup_model_2017-1, title = {A {Model} {Based} {Definition} for {Shipbuilding}}, copyright = {All rights reserved}, number = {2017-0413, Rev 2}, institution = {DNV}, author = {Astrup, OC}, year = {2017}, pages = {66}, file = {2017 - Astrup - 2017-0413 A Model Based Definition for Shipbuilding.pdf:C\:\\Users\\oca\\Zotero\\storage\\MTSTSGB8\\2017 - Astrup - 2017-0413 A Model Based Definition for Shipbuilding.pdf:application/pdf}, } @misc{iacs_classification_2011, title = {{CLASSIFICATION} {SOCIETIES} - their key role}, abstract = {The purpose of a Classification Society is to provide classification and statutory services and assistance to the maritime industry and regulatory bodies as regards maritime safety and pollution prevention, based on the accumulation of maritime knowledge and technology.}, urldate = {2022-01-19}, author = {{IACS}}, year = {2011}, note = {Pages: 7}, file = {PDF:C\:\\Users\\oca\\Zotero\\storage\\Q8PSIDQU\\m-api-6ab23d43-65d7-56f7-5836-f57d6aa29a9a.pdf:application/pdf}, } @article{bronsart_collaborative_2005, title = {A {Collaborative} {Platform} for {Ship} {Design}}, abstract = {The integration of software tools used in design and production of commercial ships is regarded to be a key issue with respect to product optimisation and overall business success. For many years International teams have joined forces in the “Ship Team” (ISO TC 184/SC 4/WG 3/T 23) to specify product models which are suitable to support product data exchange in ship design and production. Interfaces for CAE systems have been developed which implement specific subsets of theses protocols. Today this fact makes it difficult or even impossible to exchange product data between CAE-systems. To overcome this problem a different system integra- tion strategy is proposed. Based on a commonly used enterprise reference model (ERM) incorporating ship specific application protocols, CAE-systems are inte- grated with the help of adapters to a networked information infrastructure. Differ- ent data exchange scenarios are described showing the integration of diverse ship- building specific systems. The ship structure is modelled with the help of the NAPA Steel system. An adapter being developed by Germanischer Lloyd is used to import the hull form, the structure and the compartments into the analysis tool PO- SEIDON for checking against rule requirements. Furthermore, the mapping be- tween ERM information objects and AP 214 model objects is discussed. The prod- uct structure, e.g. assembly tree, as well as the corresponding ship structural ele- ments like plates and profiles are described in an AP 214 conform format. Follow- ing this concept it is shown how the ship hull structure can be represented in MCAD systems.}, journal = {12th International Conference on Computer Applications in Shipbuilding (ICCAS)}, author = {Bronsart, R. and Wiegand, G. and Koch, T.}, year = {2005}, pages = {1--15}, file = {PDF:C\:\\Users\\oca\\Zotero\\storage\\RNT6BIT7\\2005 - Bronsart, Wiegand, Koch - A Collaborative Platform for Ship Design.pdf:application/pdf}, } @misc{3docxorg_ocx_2021, title = {{OCX} {Consortium}}, url = {https://3docx.org/}, urldate = {2022-02-01}, author = {{3docx.org}}, year = {2021}, } @techreport{seppala_white_2022, title = {White {Paper} - {The} {Digital} {Fabric} of {Data}-{Driven} {Shipbuilding} – {3D} {CAD} data exchange in shipbuilding projects}, institution = {Cadmatic}, author = {Seppälä, Ludmila}, year = {2022}, keywords = {CAD, Interoperability}, pages = {18}, file = {PDF:C\:\\Users\\oca\\Zotero\\storage\\XRNQL5B6\\Unknown - Paper - The Digital Fabric of Data-Driven Shipbuilding – 3D CAD data exchange in shipbuilding projects Executive summary.pdf:application/pdf}, } @misc{3docxorg_why_2021, title = {Why is the {OCX} standard unique?}, url = {https://3docx.org/what-distinguishes-the-ocx-standard-from-other-shipbuilding-standars}, urldate = {2022-02-10}, author = {{3docx.org}}, year = {2021}, } @misc{habibic_bv_2022, title = {{BV}, {NAPA} to facilitate use of {3D} model in class approval process - {Offshore} {Energy}}, url = {https://www.offshore-energy.biz/bv-napa-to-facilitate-3d-model-use-in-class-approval-process/}, urldate = {2022-03-11}, journal = {Offshore Energy}, author = {Habibic, Ajsa}, year = {2022}, } @misc{astrup_paving_2022, title = {Paving the way for {3D} model-based class approval - {DNV}}, copyright = {All rights reserved}, url = {https://www.dnv.com/expert-story/maritime-impact/Paving-the-way-for-3D-model-based-class-approval.html}, urldate = {2022-03-11}, journal = {Maritime Impact}, author = {Astrup, Ole Christian}, year = {2022}, } @book{Schjølberg2016, address = {Lysaker}, title = {Maritim21. {En} {Helhetlig} {Maritim} {Strategi} {I}}, isbn = {978-82-12-03553-9}, publisher = {Norges Forskningsråd}, author = {Schjølberg, Ingrid}, year = {2016}, file = {PDF:C\:\\Users\\oca\\Zotero\\storage\\HBKXMQPH\\2016 - Schjølberg - Maritim21. En Helhetlig Maritim Strategi I.pdf:application/pdf}, } @techreport{iacs_rec_2003, title = {Rec 82 {Surveyor}'s {Glossary} - {Hull} {Terms} and {Hull} {Survey} {Terms} - {July} 2003}, author = {{IACS}}, year = {2003}, file = {PDF:C\:\\Users\\oca\\Zotero\\storage\\4PNYKN8R\\2003 - IACS - Rec 82 Surveyor's Glossary - Hull Terms and Hull Survey Terms - July 2003.pdf:application/pdf}, } @article{abdul-ghafour_semantic_2014, title = {Semantic interoperability of knowledge in feature-based {CAD} models}, volume = {56}, issn = {00104485}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2014.06.001}, doi = {10.1016/j.cad.2014.06.001}, abstract = {A major issue in product development is the exchange and sharing of product knowledge among many actors. This knowledge includes many concepts such as design history, component structure, features, parameters, constraints, and more. Regarding CAD models, most of the current CAD systems provide feature-based design for the construction of solid models and to carry, semantically, product information throughout its life cycle. Unfortunately, existing solutions and standards, such as STEP, for exchanging product information, are limited to the process of geometrical data, where semantics assigned to product model are completely lost during the translation process. Moreover, STEP does not provide a sound basis to reason with knowledge. The work described in this paper is part of our approach based on the development of OWL ontologies to preserve semantics associated with product data. In this work, we will focus on the semantic integration of these ontologies by defining axioms and rules. The integration process relies basically on reasoning capabilities provided by description logics in order to recognize automatically additional mappings among ontologies entities. Furthermore, the mapping process is enhanced with a semantic similarity measure to detect similar design features. Similarity measure integrates all aspects of OWL DL language. Thus, similarity functions are defined for each type of entity to involve all the features that make its definition. However, this will enable data analysis, as well as manage and discover implicit relationships among product data based on semantic modeling and reasoning. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, journal = {CAD Computer Aided Design}, author = {Abdul-Ghafour, Samer and Ghodous, Parisa and Shariat, Behzad and Perna, Eliane and Khosrowshahi, Farzad}, year = {2014}, note = {Publisher: Elsevier Ltd}, keywords = {Ontology, Feature-based design, Reasoning, Semantic web, Similarity measure, SWRL}, pages = {45--57}, file = {PDF:C\:\\Users\\oca\\Zotero\\storage\\TM4SMDU5\\2014 - Abdul-Ghafour et al. - Semantic interoperability of knowledge in feature-based CAD models.pdf:application/pdf}, } @article{cabos_3d_2015, title = {{3D} {Ship} {Design} from the {Start} - {An} {Industry} {Case} {Study}}, journal = {Compit}, author = {Cabos, Christian}, year = {2015}, pages = {257--268}, file = {PDF:C\:\\Users\\oca\\Zotero\\storage\\QWWPJHMZ\\2015 - Cabos - 3D Ship Design from the Start - An Industry Case Study.pdf:application/pdf}, } @techreport{seppala_information_2022, title = {Information management in shipbuilding projects – {Information} flow from {3D} design to production data}, abstract = {The complexity of modern shipbuilding, alongside changes in a business environment and growing capabilities of digital solutions, challenges work processes and offer the possibility to gain efficiency by eliminating gaps in the information flows. The paper discusses the changes in modern ship design and production and the interconnec- tions between these two phases of the shipbuilding lifecycle from the information management point of view. It offers several examples of shipyard practices and outlines the direction of the development for digital transformation in this area.}, institution = {Cadmatic}, author = {Seppälä, Ludmila}, year = {2022}, keywords = {CAD, Interoperability}, file = {PDF:C\:\\Users\\oca\\Zotero\\storage\\2R3LUJ87\\2022 - Seppälä - Information management in shipbuilding projects – Information flow from 3D design to production data.pdf:application/pdf}, } @article{astrup_moving_2022, title = {Moving towards model-based approval – the open class {3D} exchange ({OCX}) standard}, volume = {Part A}, copyright = {All rights reserved}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5750/ijme.v164iA2}, abstract = {Shipyards and classification societies must modify the traditional design documentation and review process and enable a direct 3D digital classification process to improve the exchange of information between the different stakeholders and ultimately accelerate the classification process. The Open Class 3D Exchange (OCX) standard represents a step-change in this context. The OCX is a vessel-specific standard addressing the information needs of the classification society and is a key enabler to replace traditional 2D class drawings with a 3D model. The successful and seamless exchange of the design models exported from 4 independent 3D CAD systems to the classification society’s rule calculation tool has been demonstrated. The application of the OCX models for the prescriptive rule calculations demonstrates that the OCX model can carry all the information required by the classification society’s Rules for this purpose. The possibility to also display the detailed features of the design model in a neutral web-based viewer provides the necessary capability for full visual verification of the design models.}, journal = {International Journal of Maritime Engineering}, author = {Astrup, OC and Aae, O and Kus, T and Uyanik, O and Biterling, B and Bars, T and Polini, M and Vijaya, G and Yu, K and Seppälä, T and Son, MJ}, month = nov, year = {2022}, keywords = {CAD, Ship design}, file = {Astrup et al. - 2022 - Moving towards model-based approval – the open cla.pdf:C\:\\Users\\oca\\Zotero\\storage\\E88UJMMX\\Astrup et al. - 2022 - Moving towards model-based approval – the open cla.pdf:application/pdf}, } @inproceedings{seppala_3d_2021, address = {Mülheim, GERMANY}, title = {{3D} {Model} – {Technology} {Island} in {Ship} {Design} or a {Central} {Piece} for {Shipbuilding} {Project} {Data}?}, isbn = {ISBN 978-3-89220-724-5}, abstract = {Historically, 3D models have been at the core of ship design solutions in shipbuilding. With the development of IT technology, the 3D model has taken on the position of a 3D dashboard and is more widely used. Adding information on top of the 3D model makes it an information-rich digital twin of the project, which can be used on any device, including AR/VR/XR. Besides the visual role, it can serve as a dashboard for communication, integration, consolidation, and an entry point for different interfaces at any stage of a shipyard's activities. This paper presents several use cases of 3D dashboards based on CADMATIC eShare use by the shipyards and outlines the primary considerations for using digital twin platforms in shipbuilding.}, booktitle = {{COMPIT}'21}, publisher = {Hamburg, Hamburg University of Technology}, author = {Seppälä, Ludmila}, month = aug, year = {2021}, file = {Seppälä - 2021 - 3D Model – Technology Island in Ship Design or a C.pdf:C\:\\Users\\oca\\Zotero\\storage\\3QIVPP3X\\Seppälä - 2021 - 3D Model – Technology Island in Ship Design or a C.pdf:application/pdf}, } @misc{deltamarin_deltamarin_2022, title = {Deltamarin receives {3D} model-based {DNV} approval {\textbar} {Deltamarin}}, url = {https://deltamarin.com/2022/11/deltamarin-receives-3d-model-based-dnv-approval/}, abstract = {Deltamarin has received a DNV approval for 3D model used in the classification material prepared for Höegh Autoliner’s Aurora Class PCTCs.}, language = {en-GB}, urldate = {2023-04-06}, journal = {Deltamarin Ltd}, author = {Deltamarin}, month = nov, year = {2022}, file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\oca\\Zotero\\storage\\LNPIL3JH\\deltamarin-receives-3d-model-based-dnv-approval.html:text/html}, } @misc{damen_damen_2023, title = {Damen, {NAPA} and {Bureau} {Veritas} successfully deploy {3D} {Classification} approvals for first ship design}, url = {https://marine-offshore.bureauveritas.com/newsroom/damen-napa-and-bureau-veritas-successfully-deploy-3d-classification-approvals-first-ship}, language = {en}, urldate = {2023-04-06}, journal = {Marine \& Offshore}, author = {Damen}, month = jan, year = {2023}, file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\oca\\Zotero\\storage\\N5ZVHZD6\\damen-napa-and-bureau-veritas-successfully-deploy-3d-classification-approvals-first-ship.html:text/html}, } @inproceedings{moser_approaching_2018, address = {Pavone, Italy}, title = {Approaching {Design} {Review} by {Classification} {Society} based on {Digital} {Information} {Derived} from the {Customer}’s {Design} {Models}}, copyright = {All rights reserved}, abstract = {The paper explores how the designer’s 3D model can be reused by the Classification Society for verification of the hull structure. A digital data exchange schema (DEX) is developed for this purpose. The schema can represent the Vessel form (geometry, topology, attributes) including functions (functional requirements). The schema can also support business specific processes in the form of a process layer. The schema implements the Society’s approval process supporting the comment exchange between the Society and designer/yard. A 3D digital model established early in the design stage and shared among stakeholders will eliminate the need for producing 2D drawings for the verification of the design by the Society.}, booktitle = {{COMPIT}'18}, publisher = {TUHH}, author = {Moser, Ulrike and Astrup, OC}, month = may, year = {2018}, pages = {116--131}, file = {Moser and Astrup - 2018 - Approaching Design Review by Classification Societ.pdf:C\:\\Users\\oca\\Zotero\\storage\\X7QMPPPC\\Moser and Astrup - 2018 - Approaching Design Review by Classification Societ.pdf:application/pdf}, } @inproceedings{gusani_ocx_2023, address = {Drübeck, Germany}, title = {{OCX} {Standard} and {Structural} {Model} {Reuse} in the {Shipbuilding} {Design}}, abstract = {The Open Class 3D Model Exchange standard shows excellent capabilities for model-based approval, which is the ultimate goal of the standard. But could the OCX standard be used further to meet the challenge of enabling seamless model migration between different software solutions for design in shipbuilding? Could an existing structural 3D model be efficiently reused in another software using the OCX standard? In this paper, a 3D model will be transferred between NAPA and CATIA SFD using the OCX standard. The transfer quality and required post-processing time will be evaluated. Finally, the potential for model reuse with the OCX standard will be estimated.}, booktitle = {22nd {Conference} on {Computer} and {IT} {Applications} in the {Maritime} {Industries}}, publisher = {Hamburg University of Technology}, author = {Gusani, Sami and Radonic, Mladen and Puurula, Jussi}, month = may, year = {2023}, pages = {391--406}, file = {Gusani - OCX Standard and Structural Model Reuse in the Shi.pdf:C\:\\Users\\oca\\Zotero\\storage\\PR6AT9TH\\Gusani - OCX Standard and Structural Model Reuse in the Shi.pdf:application/pdf}, } @inproceedings{son_utilization_2022, address = {Pontignano, Italy}, title = {Utilization of {OCX} as {Part} of {3D} {Model} {Based} {Approval} in {Ship} {Design} {Process}}, copyright = {All rights reserved}, abstract = {As various CAD vendors support to export ship models in Open Class 3D Exchange (OCX) format, NAPA has developed OCX interface not only exporting own model in OCX format, but also importing OCX format to be re-created as NAPA model and further to be utilized in various ways, such as rule scantling, direct strength analysis, 3D model review, drafting, and 3D model translator. This paper demonstrates how a modern structure design tool can improve the ship design process with the help of the OCX format and demonstrates the workflow with several practical examples.}, booktitle = {21st {Conference} on {Computer} and {IT} {Applications} in {The} {Maritime} {Industries}}, publisher = {Technische Universität Hamburg-Harbur}, author = {Son, Myeong-Jo and Seppäla, Tapio and Merikanto, Jani and Aae, Ove and Astrup, Ole Christian}, month = jun, year = {2022}, file = {Son - Utilization of OCX as Part of 3D Model Based Appro.pdf:C\:\\Users\\oca\\Zotero\\storage\\WCFMHMHL\\Son - Utilization of OCX as Part of 3D Model Based Appro.pdf:application/pdf}, } @inproceedings{astrup_enhancing_2023, address = {Drübeck, Germany}, title = {Enhancing the {3D} {Approval} {Process} using {Functional} {Zones} in {Ship} {Design}}, copyright = {All rights reserved}, abstract = {Digitalising the class verification and approval process offers great benefits to designers, yards, and classification societies. By using the 3D model, the quality of the design and the review process can be significantly improved. 3D zones combining both functional and spatial requirements are used to identify and resolve regulatory requirements early in the design process. We demonstrate how this concept can be applied to describe the International Convention on Load Lines requirements for weathertight integrity as part of the loadline approval by the classification society. An end-to-end 3D experience reduces the risk of errors and inconsistencies, improves data quality and safety, and limits lead times and costs.}, booktitle = {22nd {Conference} on {Computer} and {IT} {Applications} in the {Maritime} {Industries}}, publisher = {Technische Universität Hamburg-Harbur}, author = {Astrup, Ole Christian and Aae, Ove and Grønlie, Atle and Uyanik, Ozan and Gigernes, Svein}, month = may, year = {2023}, file = {Astrup et al. - 2023 - Enhancing the 3D Approval Process using Functional.pdf:C\:\\Users\\oca\\Zotero\\storage\\BT3MDTNA\\Astrup et al. - 2023 - Enhancing the 3D Approval Process using Functional.pdf:application/pdf}, } @misc{maattanen_3d_2023, title = {{3D} modeling - a game-changer for ship design?}, url = {https://deltamarin.com/blog/using-3d-models-is-a-game-changer-for-ship-design-but-what-does-it-mean-in-practice/}, abstract = {What does the use of 3D models in ship design mean in practice? We share our thoughts on using 3D digital twins for class approval, and more.}, language = {en-GB}, urldate = {2023-06-02}, journal = {Deltamarin Ltd}, author = {Määttänen, Joonas}, month = may, year = {2023}, file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\oca\\Zotero\\storage\\9559TYLA\\using-3d-models-is-a-game-changer-for-ship-design-but-what-does-it-mean-in-practice.html:text/html}, }
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